The natural underground hollow  passage under the earth, especially one opening to the surface, enough for a person or small group of people to enter. The cave is formed by geologic process involving combination of chemical processes, tectonic forces, and atmospheric influences. The cave also refers to spaces like rock shelters, sea caves and grottos with types and formations known as speteogenesis (origin of caves developments). Most of the caves are formed by various geologic processes such as the combination of chemical processes, earth erosion from water, microorganisms, pressures and even digging. The caves are commonly formed by Limestone. The science of exploring and study of caves, environment and its surroundings is known as Speleology. Caving, potholing (in United Kingdom and Ireland) or spelunking (in the United States and Canada) is the science of cave exploration for recreation.

Rock Shelter Caves

Cave Kabele is a Rock shelter cave

Neptune Grotto Cave, Sardinia, Italy

Neptune Grotto cave, stalactite cave, Sardinia, Italy

Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes, Germany

Saalfeld Fairy Grottos , Germany

Jeita Grotto Cave, Lebanon

Jeita Grotto cave, Beirut, Lebanon

Jeita Grotto lower cave, Beirut,Lebanon

1) Solutional Caves

Speleothems in Hall of the Mountain King, Ogot Craig a Ffynnon, South Wales

Ogof y Daren Cilau cave entrance, cave in Wales

The most  frequent occurring caves that form in rocks that is soluble like the limestone, that includes chalk, dolomite, marble, salt and gypsum is known as the solutional cave. The rocks then is dissolved by the natural acids in ground water that passes gradually through small openings, faults, joints and other sources, over geological new development or important events in history of the cave system. The speleothems, the secondary mineral deposits in caves or cave formation includes flowstones, stalactites, stalagmites, helictites, soda straws and columns.

2)  The Mystery Cave of Minnesota (Flowstone formation)

Mystery Cave in Minnesota, with flowstone formation

Bacon Cave in King’s Canyon National Park

Bacon cave ,King’s Canyon National Park (weird bacon-like flowstone)

Caverns of Sonora

Caverns of Sonora, National Natural Landmark, a cave with flowstone formation

Gunns Plain Cave

Gunns Plain cave’s arachnocampa’s silk-thread like formation

Gunns Plains Cave, Tasmania, Australia, flowstone suspended from ceiling

3) Doolin Cave Stalactites

Doolin Cave Stalactities

Doolin River Cave Stalactities

Doolin River Cave flowstones

Crackpot Cave Stalactites

Crackpot Cave column

Stalactite in Crackpot Cave, Wenslydale

4) Carlsbad Caverns stalagmites and stalactites formation, New Mexico

Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, limestones formation

Witch Finger stalagmites, Carlsbad Caverns

Stalagmites Carlsbad Caverns

5) Wyandotte Cave Helictites

rare helictites formation at Wyandotte Caves, Indiana, United States

Wyandotte Cave Stalagmite

Timpanogos Cave, Utah

Helictites, the Great Hear of Timpanogos Cave

Timpanogos Cave , Utah

Fishtail helictites at Caverns of Sonora, Texas

Treak Cliff Caverns

The Stork at Treak Cliff Cavern , helictites, stalactites and stalagmites formations

Treak Cliff Caverns helictites formation, Derbyshire

Jenolan Caves , Australia

Jenolan Caves in Australia, with helictities formations

Jenolan Caves, Blue Mountain, Australia

The Minaret, Jenolan Caves, Australia

Lucas Cave ,New South Wales, Australia

Lucas Cave at Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, Australia

6) Lechuguilla Cave , New Mexico

Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, with Stalagmites, Stalactites, and draperies by a pool

Lechuguilla cave also known as Chandellier Ballroom cave

Lechuguilla cave or the Chandellier Ballroom cave, New Mexico (http://scchablis.com

7)  Primary  Caves ( Lave Tube Cave, Hawaii)

Lava tube cave, Hawaii

Lava Tube cave, Hawaii

Thurston Lava Tube cave, Big Island, Hawaii

Valentine Cave, Lava Tube cave

Valentine Cave, a lava tube cave formation

Manjanggul Lava Pillar Cave, Jeju-do, Korea

Mushpot Cave , Lavacles cave or lava tube cave

Rangitoto Lava tube cave entrance, New Zealand

Rangitoto lava tube cave, New Zealand

Rare Orchids growing in Rangitoto lava tube cave

8) Sea Caves or Littoral Cave

Sea Cave

Sea Cave cathedral

Painted Cave, the large sea cave in Santa Cruz Island, California

Sea cave fault formation

9) Soda Straws also known as Tubular Stalactites

Gardener’s Gut straws stalactites, Waitomo area, New Zealand

Waitomo Glowworm Cave, New Zealand

10) Corrasional Caves or Erosional Caves are caves that formed by erosion by flowing streams carrying sediments and rocks, and can form any kind of rock, gramite or hard rocks. The weakness to guide the flowing water zone is known as the fault or joint zones. Wind caves or aerolian caves, formed by wind-born sediments is a subtype of erosional cave.

Jewel Cave, Black Hill,

Jewel Cave Frostwork, Black Hill, South Dakota

Jewel Cave, is a wind cave with Calcite crystals formation

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloon

Boxwork of a wind cave in Hot Springs, South Dakota

Cave Popcorn or coral cave, common cave formation, Grand Canyon Caverns

Imperial Cave

Imperial Cave

Ludi Purple Cave, Erosional Cave

Ludi cave, purple cave stalactites vault formation

Ludi Purple Cave

11)  Glacier Caves

Glacier Cave in Big Four Glacier, Big Four Mountain, Washington, CA

Glacier Cave on Perito Moreno Glacier

Ice Sea Caves

Ice Cave

Dobsinska Ice Cave

Titlis Ice Cave

Ice Caves are also known as fracture caves.

12)  Talus caves entrance between boulders or rocks that have fallen down into a rock piles, often from landslides from cliff-bases.

Talus boulders entrance at Valentine Cave

Valentine Cave, a lava tube cave, with talus cave entrance

talus cave entrance Caird cave

13)  Anchialine Caves coastal caves containing mixtures of salt water and fresh waters, and existing in many parts of the world often affecting endemic animals of the regions.

Anchaline cave Eleuthera Blue Hole Cave

Ginnie Springs Cave, anchialine Cave

14) Cenote Caves

Yucatan cenote, Mexico

Cenote a natural sinkhole or pit cave

The natural deep pit or sinkhole a result from the collapse of limestone bedrocks the exposed the ground water is know as  the  cenote.

15)  Pit Caves or Vertical caves

Haviaren Pit Cave, Little Carpathians ,Western Slovakia

Solano de las Golondrinas Pit Cave

Enormous pit cave at Solano de las Golondrinas

aerial view of Solano de las Golondrinas Pit cave

16) Puerto Princesa, Palawan Sea caves

El Nido Cathedral Cave, Palawan, Philippines

Underwater Cave entrance, Palawan, Philippines

Puerto Princesa underground river cave, Palawan, Philippines

Tabon Cave, Quezon, Palawan

Tabon Cave, Quezon, Palawan, Philippines

Tabon Cave in Quezon, Palawan, Philippines

Callao Cave, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines

Callao Cave entrance, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines

Callao Cave, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines

17)   Weird Underwater Caves

Sistema Sac Actun, Mexico

Sistema Sac Actun underwater Cave, Mexico

Sistema Ox Bel Ha, Mexico, Underwater Caves

Sistema Ox Bel Ha

Sistema Ox Bel Ha, underwater cave in Mexico

18) Krubera-Voronya Cave, World’s Deepest Cave

Krubera Voronya Cave, world’s deepest cave, Abkhazia

Krubera Cave, deepest cave in the world

Han Son Doong Cave, Vietnam

Hang Son Doong Cave, Vietnam

Han Son Doong Cave, Vietnam

Hang Son Doong Cave

Api Chamber of Whiterock Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia

Caves in China

Reed Flute Cave, a Karst cave, China with artificial lightnings, Guilin, Guangxi

Seven Star Cave, Guangxi Province

19) Crystal Cave, Mexico

Crystal Caves, Mexico

Crystal Cave Giant, in Mexico

Crystal Giant Cave, Mexico (apasaje.net

20) Abukuma-do Cave, Japan

Abukuma-do Cave, flowstones and mushroom rocks, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Boxwork formation at Abukuma-do Cave, Fukushima, Japan

Speleothem formation at Abukuma-do Cave

The Christmas Tree Stalagmites and The Sliver Frost are Speleothem inside Abukuma-do Cave

The weird formation of Speleothem formation of the Christmas tree form of stalagmites and The Silver Frost formation from dripstone from the cave’s roof and formed weird formation columns.

 Pindaya Caves, Burma

Pindaya Cave in Burma

Pindaya Cave interior

Cave Temples in India

Cave Temple of Lord Amarnath, Hindu pilgrimage temple

Badami Cave Temple, Kamataka, India

Borra Cave or Borra Guhalu, Andhra Pradesh

Borra Caves, India

Borra Caves interior, worshiping of stalagmites

New Athos Cave, Iverian Mountain, Georgia

New Athos Skeleton Cave, Georgia

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